Despite numerous advances in assisted reproduction, implantation failure remained the most common outcome following embryo transfer in 2011 (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, 2011). Most fresh autologous embryo transfers in 2011 failed to result in live birth, and national average implantation rates ranged from 4–36%, depending on maternal age. Therefore, a large proportion of patients undergoing IVF experience at least one fresh embryo transfer cycle resulting in implantation failure.
